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| Warrants | WarrantsPublic Warrants As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 23,755,069 public warrants outstanding. Each public warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. The public warrants will expire on December 21, 2025, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
There were no public warrants exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
VDL Nedcar Warrants
In February 2022, the Company and a company related to VDL Nedcar entered into an investment agreement, under which the VDL Nedcar-related company agreed to purchase shares of Common Stock for an aggregate value of $8.4 million, at the market price of Common Stock as of December 14, 2021. As a result, the Company issued 972,222 shares of Common Stock upon execution of the agreement. The Company also issued a warrant to purchase an aggregate 972,222 shares of Common Stock to VDL Nedcar at exercise prices ranging from $18 to $40 per share, which are classified as equity. The exercise period is from November 1, 2022 to November 1, 2025 ("Exercise Period"). The warrant can be exercised in whole or in part during the Exercise Period but can only be exercised in three equal tranches and after the stock price per Common Stock has reached at least the relevant exercise price. The $8.4 million received from VDL Nedcar is included as a financing cash inflow in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The shares of Common Stock issued to VDL Nedcar are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of stockholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Walmart Warrants
On July 11, 2022, Canoo Sales, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an Electric Vehicle Fleet Purchase Agreement (the “Walmart EV Fleet Purchase Agreement") with Walmart. Pursuant to the Walmart EV Fleet Purchase Agreement, subject to certain acceptance and performance criteria, Walmart agreed to purchase at least 4,500 EVs, with an option to purchase up to an additional 5,500 EVs, for an agreed upon capped price per unit determined based on the EV model. The Walmart EV Fleet Purchase Agreement (excluding any work order or purchase order as a part thereof) has a five-year term, unless earlier terminated.
In connection with the Walmart EV Fleet Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Warrant Issuance Agreement with Walmart pursuant to which the Company issued to Walmart a Warrant to purchase an aggregate of 61.2 million shares of Common Stock, subject to certain anti-dilutive adjustments, at an exercise price of $2.15 per share, which represented approximately 20% ownership in the Company on a fully diluted basis as of the issuance date. As a result of the anti-dilution adjustments, the Warrant is currently exercisable for an aggregate of 61.5 million shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $2.14. The Warrant has a term of 10 years and is vested with respect to 15.3 million shares of Common Stock. Thereafter, the Warrant will vest quarterly in amounts proportionate with the net revenue realized by the Company from transactions with Walmart or its affiliates under the Walmart EV Fleet Purchase Agreement or enabled by any other agreement between the Company and Walmart, and any net revenue attributable to any products or services offered by Walmart or its affiliates related to the Company, until such net revenue equals $300.0 million, at which time the Warrant will have vested fully.
Since the counterparty is also a customer, the issuance of the Warrant was determined to be consideration payable to a customer within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and was measured at fair value on the Warrant’s issuance date. Warrants that vested immediately resulted in a corresponding other asset presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under ASC 606 and amortized on a pro-rata basis, commencing upon initial performance, over the term of the Walmart EV Fleet Purchase Agreement.
The fair value of the Warrants at the issuance date was measured using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The key inputs used in the valuation were as follows:
Estimates were determined as follows: (i) expected term based on the warrant’s contractual term, (ii) based on the blended volatilities of historical and implied market volatility of the Company, (iii) risk-free interest rates based on US Treasury yield for the expected term, and (iv) an expected dividend yield of zero percent was used since we did not yet and not yet presently expect to pay dividends.
As of March 31, 2023, a total of 15.3 million warrants have vested, of which none have been exercised.
Yorkville Warrants
In connection with the Yorkville PPA discussed in Note 9, the Company issued warrants to Yorkville to purchase an aggregate of 29.6 million shares of Common Stock, with an exercise price of $1.15 per share and expiration date of December 31, 2023. On January 13, 2023 Yorkville partially exercised their option to increase their investment and the Company issued warrants to Yorkville to purchase an additional 4.6 million shares of Common Stock. Upon the expiration of the option on January 31, 2023, a $0.3 million gain was recognized as a result of remeasuring the warrant liability and $19.5 million was reclassified from liability to additional paid in capital. On February 9, 2023, the exercise price of the warrants was adjusted to $1.05 per share.
The fair value of the warrants upon the expiration of the option period was measured using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The key inputs used in the valuation were as follows:
Estimates were determined as follows: (i) expected term based on the warrant’s contractual term, (ii) based on the blended volatilities of historical and implied market volatility of the Company, (iii) risk-free interest rates based on US Treasury yield for the expected term, and (iv) an expected dividend yield of zero percent was used since we did not yet and do not presently expect to pay dividends.
As of March 31, 2023 the Company had issued warrants to Yorkville to purchase an aggregate of 34.2 million shares of Common Stock, of which none of the warrants have been exercised.
SPA Warrants
On February 5, 2023, the Company received net proceeds of $49.4 million in connection with the SPA. The Company issued warrants ("SPA warrants") to multiple parties to purchase an aggregate of 50.0 million shares of Common Stock, with an exercise price of $1.30 per share and will be initially exercisable beginning six months following the date of issuance and will expire five years from the initial exercise date.
The warrants are liability classified and subject to periodic remeasurement. The fair value of the warrants at the issuance date was measured using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The key inputs used in the valuation were as follows:
Estimates were determined as follows: (i) expected term based on the warrant’s contractual term, (ii) based on the blended volatilities of historical and implied market volatility of the Company, (iii) risk-free interest rates based on US Treasury yield for the expected term, and (iv) an expected dividend yield of zero percent was used since we did not yet and not yet presently expect to pay dividends.
As the common stock and warrants were issued in a single transaction, the total proceeds from the transaction were allocated among the freestanding instruments. The fair value of the warrants measured at issuance was $40.0 million, with the remaining proceeds allocated to the common stock, which is included in additional paid-in capital presented in the consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2023, none of the warrants have been exercised.
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